package org.apache.turbine.services.security;
   
   /*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
   * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  
  import java.util.List;
  
  import org.apache.torque.util.Criteria;
  
  import org.apache.turbine.om.security.Group;
  import org.apache.turbine.om.security.Permission;
  import org.apache.turbine.om.security.Role;
  import org.apache.turbine.om.security.User;
  import org.apache.turbine.services.TurbineServices;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.AccessControlList;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.DataBackendException;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.EntityExistsException;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.GroupSet;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.PasswordMismatchException;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.PermissionSet;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.RoleSet;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.TurbineSecurityException;
  import org.apache.turbine.util.security.UnknownEntityException;
  
  /***
   * This is a Facade class for SecurityService.
   *
   * This class provides static methods that call related methods of the
   * implementation of SecurityService used by the System, according to
   * the settings in TurbineResources.
   * <br>
   *
   * <a name="global">
   * <p> Certain Roles that the Users may have in the system may are not related
   * to any specific resource nor entity. They are assigned within a special group
   * named 'global' that can be referenced in the code as
   * {@link org.apache.turbine.om.security.Group#GLOBAL_GROUP_NAME}.
   *
   * @author <a href="mailto:Rafal.Krzewski@e-point.pl">Rafal Krzewski</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:hps@intermeta.de">Henning P. Schmiedehausen</a>
   * @version $Id: TurbineSecurity.java 571795 2007-09-01 13:09:35Z tv $
   */
  public abstract class TurbineSecurity
  {
      /***
       * Retrieves an implementation of SecurityService, base on the settings in
       * TurbineResources.
       *
       * @return an implementation of SecurityService.
       */
      public static SecurityService getService()
      {
          return (SecurityService) TurbineServices.getInstance().
                  getService(SecurityService.SERVICE_NAME);
      }
  
      /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
        Management of User objects
        -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
  
      /***
       * This method provides client-side encryption of passwords.
       *
       * This is an utility method that is used by other classes to maintain
       * a consistent approach to encrypting password. The behavior of the
       * method can be configured in service's properties.
       *
       * @param password the password to process
       * @return processed password
       */
      public static String encryptPassword(String password)
      {
          return getService().encryptPassword(password);
      }
  
      /***
       * This method provides client-side encryption of passwords.
       *
       * This is an utility method that is used by other classes to maintain
       * a consistent approach to encrypting password. The behavior of the
       * method can be configured in service's properties.
       *
       * @param password the password to process
      * @param salt the supplied salt to encrypt the password
      * @return processed password
      */
     public static String encryptPassword(String password, String salt)
     {
         return getService().encryptPassword(password, salt);
     }
 
     /***
      * Checks if a supplied password matches the encrypted password
      *
      * @param checkpw      The clear text password supplied by the user
      * @param encpw        The current, encrypted password
      *
      * @return true if the password matches, else false
      *
      */
 
     public static boolean checkPassword(String checkpw, String encpw)
     {
         return getService().checkPassword(checkpw, encpw);
     }
 
     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Getting Object Classes
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
     /***
      * Returns the Class object for the implementation of User interface
      * used by the system.
      *
      * @return the implementation of User interface used by the system.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the system's implementation of User
      *         interface could not be determined.
      */
     public static Class getUserClass()
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getUserClass();
     }
 
     /***
      * Returns the Class object for the implementation of Group interface
      * used by the system.
      *
      * @return the implementation of Group interface used by the system.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the system's implementation of Group
      *         interface could not be determined.
      */
     public static Class getGroupClass()
         throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getGroupClass();
     }
 
     /***
      * Returns the Class object for the implementation of Permission interface
      * used by the system.
      *
      * @return the implementation of Permission interface used by the system.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the system's implementation of Permission
      *         interface could not be determined.
      */
     public static Class getPermissionClass()
         throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermissionClass();
     }
 
     /***
      * Returns the Class object for the implementation of Role interface
      * used by the system.
      *
      * @return the implementation of Role interface used by the system.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the system's implementation of Role
      *         interface could not be determined.
      */
     public static Class getRoleClass()
         throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getRoleClass();
     }
 
     /***
      * Construct a blank User object.
      *
      * This method calls getUserClass, and then creates a new object using
      * the default constructor.
      *
      * @return an object implementing User interface.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the object could not be instantiated.
      */
     public static User getUserInstance()
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getUserInstance();
     }
 
     /***
      * Returns the configured UserManager.
      *
      * @return An UserManager object
      */
     public static UserManager getUserManager()
     {
         return getService().getUserManager();
     }
 
     /***
      * Configure a new user Manager.
      *
      * @param userManager An UserManager object
      */
     public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager)
     {
         getService().setUserManager(userManager);
     }
 
     /***
      * Check whether a specified user's account exists.
      *
      * The login name is used for looking up the account.
      *
      * @param user The user to be checked.
      * @return true if the specified account exists
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static boolean accountExists(User user)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().accountExists(user);
     }
 
     /***
      * Check whether a specified user's account exists.
      *
      * The login name is used for looking up the account.
      *
      * @param userName The name of the user to be checked.
      * @return true if the specified account exists
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static boolean accountExists(String userName)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().accountExists(userName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Authenticates an user, and constructs an User object to represent
      * him/her.
      *
      * @param username The user name.
      * @param password The user password.
      * @return An authenticated Turbine User.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if user account is not present.
      * @throws PasswordMismatchException if the supplied password was incorrect.
      */
     public static User getAuthenticatedUser(String username, String password)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException,
             PasswordMismatchException
     {
         return getService().getAuthenticatedUser(username, password);
     }
 
     /***
      * Constructs an User object to represent a registered user of the
      * application.
      *
      * @param username The user name.
      * @return A Turbine User.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if user account is not present.
      */
     public static User getUser(String username)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getUser(username);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a set of users that meet the specified criteria.
      *
      * As the keys for the criteria, you should use the constants that
      * are defined in {@link User} interface, plus the names
      * of the custom attributes you added to your user representation
      * in the data storage. Use verbatim names of the attributes -
      * without table name prefix in case of DB implementation.
      *
      * @param criteria The criteria of selection.
      * @return a List of users meeting the criteria.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *         storage.
      * @deprecated use getUserList() instead
      */
     public static User[] getUsers(Criteria criteria)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return (User[])getService().getUserList(criteria).toArray();
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a set of users that meet the specified criteria.
      *
      * As the keys for the criteria, you should use the constants that
      * are defined in {@link User} interface, plus the names
      * of the custom attributes you added to your user representation
      * in the data storage. Use verbatim names of the attributes -
      * without table name prefix in case of DB implementation.
      *
      * @param criteria The criteria of selection.
      * @return a List of users meeting the criteria.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *         storage.
      */
     public static List getUserList(Criteria criteria)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getUserList(criteria);
     }
 
     /***
      * Constructs an User object to represent an anonymous user of the
      * application.
      *
      * @return An anonymous Turbine User.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the anonymous User object couldn't be
      *         constructed.
      */
     public static User getAnonymousUser()
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getAnonymousUser();
     }
 
     /***
      * Checks whether a passed user object matches the anonymous user pattern
      * according to the configured service
      *
      * @param user A user object
      * @return True if this is an anonymous user
      */
     public static boolean isAnonymousUser(User user)
     {
         return getService().isAnonymousUser(user);
     }
 
     /***
      * Saves User's data in the permanent storage. The user account is required
      * to exist in the storage.
      *
      * @param user The User object to save.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the user's account does not
      *         exist in the database.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *         storage.
      */
     public static void saveUser(User user)
             throws UnknownEntityException, DataBackendException
     {
         getService().saveUser(user);
     }
 
     /***
      * Saves User data when the session is unbound. The user account is required
      * to exist in the storage.
      *
      * LastLogin, AccessCounter, persistent pull tools, and any data stored
      * in the permData hashtable that is not mapped to a column will be saved.
      *
      * @exception UnknownEntityException if the user's account does not
      *            exist in the database.
      * @exception DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *            storage.
      */
     public static void saveOnSessionUnbind(User user)
             throws UnknownEntityException, DataBackendException
     {
         getService().saveOnSessionUnbind(user);
     }
 
     /***
      * Change the password for an User.
      *
      * @param user an User to change password for.
      * @param oldPassword the current password supplied by the user.
      * @param newPassword the current password requested by the user.
      * @throws PasswordMismatchException if the supplied password was
      *         incorrect.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the user's record does not
      *         exist in the database.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *         storage.
      */
     public static void changePassword(User user, String oldPassword,
                                       String newPassword)
             throws PasswordMismatchException, UnknownEntityException,
             DataBackendException
     {
         getService().changePassword(user, oldPassword, newPassword);
     }
 
     /***
      * Forcibly sets new password for an User.
      *
      * This is supposed by the administrator to change the forgotten or
      * compromised passwords. Certain implementatations of this feature
      * would require administrative level access to the authenticating
      * server / program.
      *
      * @param user an User to change password for.
      * @param password the new password.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the user's record does not
      *         exist in the database.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *         storage.
      */
     public static void forcePassword(User user, String password)
             throws UnknownEntityException, DataBackendException
     {
         getService().forcePassword(user, password);
     }
 
     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Creation of AccessControlLists
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
     /***
      * Constructs an AccessControlList for a specific user.
      *
      * @param user the user for whom the AccessControlList are to be retrieved
      * @return The AccessControList object constructed from the user object.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if user account is not present.
      */
     public static AccessControlList getACL(User user)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getACL(user);
     }
 
     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Security management
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
     /***
      * Grant an User a Role in a Group.
      *
      * @param user the user.
      * @param group the group.
      * @param role the role.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if user account, group or role is not
      *         present.
      */
     public static void grant(User user, Group group, Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().grant(user, group, role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Revoke a Role in a Group from an User.
      *
      * @param user the user.
      * @param group the group.
      * @param role the role.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if user account, group or role is not
      *         present.
      */
     public static void revoke(User user, Group group, Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().revoke(user, group, role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Revokes all roles from an User.
      *
      * This method is used when deleting an account.
      *
      * @param user the User.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the account is not present.
      */
     public static void revokeAll(User user)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().revokeAll(user);
     }
 
     /***
      * Grants a Role a Permission
      *
      * @param role the Role.
      * @param permission the Permission.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if role or permission is not present.
      */
     public static void grant(Role role, Permission permission)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().grant(role, permission);
     }
 
     /***
      * Revokes a Permission from a Role.
      *
      * @param role the Role.
      * @param permission the Permission.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if role or permission is not present.
      */
     public static void revoke(Role role, Permission permission)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().revoke(role, permission);
     }
 
     /***
      * Revokes all permissions from a Role.
      *
      * This method is user when deleting a Role.
      *
      * @param role the Role
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws  UnknownEntityException if the Role is not present.
      */
     public static void revokeAll(Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().revokeAll(role);
     }
 
     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Account management
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 
     /***
      * Creates new user account with specified attributes.
      *
      * <strong>TODO</strong> throw more specific exception<br>
      *
      * @param user the object describing account to be created.
      * @param password password for the new user
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws EntityExistsException if the user account already exists.
      */
     public static void addUser(User user, String password)
             throws DataBackendException, EntityExistsException
     {
         getService().addUser(user, password);
     }
 
     /***
      * Removes an user account from the system.
      *
      * <strong>TODO</strong> throw more specific exception<br>
      *
      * @param user the object describing the account to be removed.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the user account is not present.
      */
     public static void removeUser(User user)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().removeUser(user);
     }
 
     /*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
       Group/Role/Permission management
       -----------------------------------------------------------------------*/
     /***
      * Provides a reference to the Group object that represents the
      * <a name="global">global group</a>.
      *
      * @return a Group object that represents the global group.
      */
     public static Group getGlobalGroup()
     {
         return getService().getGlobalGroup();
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new Group in the system. This is a convenience
      * method.
      *
      * @param name The name of the new Group.
      * @return An object representing the new Group.
      * @throws TurbineSecurityException if the Group could not be created.
      */
     public static Group createGroup(String name)
             throws TurbineSecurityException
     {
         return getService().addGroup(getGroupInstance(name));
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new Permission in the system. This is a convenience
      * method.
      *
      * @param name The name of the new Permission.
      * @return An object representing the new Permission.
      * @throws TurbineSecurityException if the Permission could not be created.
      */
     public static Permission createPermission(String name)
             throws TurbineSecurityException
     {
         return getService().addPermission(getPermissionInstance(name));
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new Role in the system. This is a convenience
      * method.
      *
      * @param name The name of the Role.
      *
      * @return An object representing the new Role.
      *
      * @throws TurbineSecurityException if the Role could not be created.
      */
     public static Role createRole(String name)
         throws TurbineSecurityException
     {
         return getService().addRole(getRoleInstance(name));
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Group object with specified name.
      *
      * @param groupName The name of the Group to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Group with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Group is not present.
      * @deprecated Use <a href="#getGroupByName">getGroupByName</a> instead.
      */
     public static Group getGroup(String groupName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getGroup(groupName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Group object with specified name.
      *
      * @param groupName The name of the Group to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Group with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Group is not present.
      */
     public static Group getGroupByName(String groupName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getGroupByName(groupName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Group object with specified Id.
      *
      * @param name the name of the Group.
      *
      * @return an object representing the Group with specified name.
      *
      * @exception UnknownEntityException if the permission does not
      *            exist in the database.
      * @exception DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *            storage.
      */
     public static Group getGroupById(int groupId)
             throws DataBackendException,
                    UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getGroupById(groupId);
     }
 
     /***
      * Construct a blank Group object.
      *
      * This method calls getGroupClass, and then creates a new object using
      * the default constructor.
      *
      * @param groupName The name of the Group
      *
      * @return an object implementing Group interface.
      *
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the object could not be instantiated.
      */
     public static Group getGroupInstance(String groupName)
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getGroupInstance(groupName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves a named Group. If the Group does not exist, it creates
      * a new Group based on the Services Group implementation. It is ok
      * to pass in null or "" here and then use Group.setName() at a later
      * point.
      *
      * @param groupName The name of the Group to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Group with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @deprecated Use getGroupInstance(String name) instead.
      */
     public static Group getNewGroup(String groupName)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getNewGroup(groupName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Construct a blank Role object.
      *
      * This method calls getRoleClass, and then creates a new object using
      * the default constructor.
      *
      * @param roleName The name of the role.
      *
      * @return an object implementing Role interface.
      *
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the object could not be instantiated.
      */
     public static Role getRoleInstance(String roleName)
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getRoleInstance(roleName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves a named Role. If the Role does not exist, it creates a new Role
      * based on the Services Role implementation.
      * It is ok to pass in null or "" here and then use Role.setName() at
      * a later point.
      *
      * @param roleName The name of the Role to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Role with specified name.
      * @throws TurbineSecurityException if the Role could not be retrieved
      * @deprecated Use getRoleInstance(String name) instead.
      */
     public static Role getNewRole(String roleName)
             throws TurbineSecurityException
     {
         return getService().getNewRole(roleName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Construct a blank Permission object.
      *
      * This method calls getPermissionClass, and then creates a new object using
      * the default constructor.
      *
      * @param permName The name of the permission.
      *
      * @return an object implementing Permission interface.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the object could not be instantiated.
      */
     public static Permission getPermissionInstance(String permName)
             throws UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermissionInstance(permName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves a named Permission. If the Permission does not exist, it
      * creates a new Permission based on the Services Permission implementation.
      * It is ok to pass in null or "" here and then use Permission.setName() at
      * a later point.
      *
      * @param permissionName The name of the Permission to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @deprecated Use getPermissionInstance(String name) instead.
      */
     public static Permission getNewPermission(String permissionName)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getNewPermission(permissionName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Role object with specified name.
      *
      * @param roleName The name of the Role to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Role with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Role is not present.
      * @deprecated Use <a href="#getRoleByName">getRoleByName</a> instead.
      */
     public static Role getRole(String roleName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getRole(roleName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Role object with specified name.
      *
      * @param roleName The name of the Role to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Role with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Role is not present.
      */
     public static Role getRoleByName(String roleName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getRoleByName(roleName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Role object with specified Id.
      *
      * @param name the name of the Role.
      *
      * @return an object representing the Role with specified name.
      *
      * @exception UnknownEntityException if the permission does not
      *            exist in the database.
      * @exception DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *            storage.
      */
     public static Role getRoleById(int roleId)
             throws DataBackendException,
                    UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getRoleById(roleId);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Permission object with specified name.
      *
      * @param permissionName The name of the Permission to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Permission is not present.
      * @deprecated Use <a href="#getPermissionByName">getPermissionByName</a> instead.
      */
     public static Permission getPermission(String permissionName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermission(permissionName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Permission object with specified name.
      *
      * @param permissionName The name of the Permission to be retrieved.
      * @return an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the Permission is not present.
      */
     public static Permission getPermissionByName(String permissionName)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermissionByName(permissionName);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a Permission object with specified Id.
      *
      * @param name the name of the Permission.
      *
      * @return an object representing the Permission with specified name.
      *
      * @exception UnknownEntityException if the permission does not
      *            exist in the database.
      * @exception DataBackendException if there is a problem accessing the
      *            storage.
      */
     public static Permission getPermissionById(int permissionId)
             throws DataBackendException,
                    UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermissionById(permissionId);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a set of Groups that meet the specified Criteria.
      *
      * @param criteria A Criteria of Group selection.
      * @return a set of Groups that meet the specified Criteria.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static GroupSet getGroups(Criteria criteria)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getGroups(criteria);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a set of Roles that meet the specified Criteria.
      *
      * @param criteria a Criteria of Roles selection.
      * @return a set of Roles that meet the specified Criteria.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static RoleSet getRoles(Criteria criteria)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getRoles(criteria);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieve a set of Permissions that meet the specified Criteria.
      *
      * @param criteria a Criteria of Permissions selection.
      * @return a set of Permissions that meet the specified Criteria.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static PermissionSet getPermissions(Criteria criteria)
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getPermissions(criteria);
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves all groups defined in the system.
      *
      * @return the names of all groups defined in the system.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static GroupSet getAllGroups()
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getAllGroups();
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves all roles defined in the system.
      *
      * @return the names of all roles defined in the system.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static RoleSet getAllRoles()
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getAllRoles();
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves all permissions defined in the system.
      *
      * @return the names of all roles defined in the system.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      */
     public static PermissionSet getAllPermissions()
             throws DataBackendException
     {
         return getService().getAllPermissions();
     }
 
     /***
      * Retrieves all permissions associated with a role.
      *
      * @param role the role name, for which the permissions are to be retrieved.
      * @return the Permissions for the specified role
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the role is not present.
      */
     public static PermissionSet getPermissions(Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         return getService().getPermissions(role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Stores Group's attributes. The Groups is required to exist in the system.
      *
      * @param group The Group to be stored.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the group does not exist.
      */
     public static void saveGroup(Group group)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().saveGroup(group);
     }
 
     /***
      * Stores Role's attributes. The Roles is required to exist in the system.
      *
      * @param role The Role to be stored.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the role does not exist.
      */
     public static void saveRole(Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().saveRole(role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Stores Permission's attributes. The Permissions is required to exist in
      * the system.
      *
      * @param permission The Permission to be stored.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the permission does not exist.
      */
     public static void savePermission(Permission permission)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().savePermission(permission);
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new group with specified attributes.
      *
      * @param group the object describing the group to be created.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws EntityExistsException if the group already exists.
      */
     public static void addGroup(Group group)
             throws DataBackendException, EntityExistsException
     {
         getService().addGroup(group);
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new role with specified attributes.
      *
      * @param role the objects describing the role to be created.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws EntityExistsException if the role already exists.
      */
     public static void addRole(Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, EntityExistsException
     {
         getService().addRole(role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Creates a new permission with specified attributes.
      *
      * @param permission the objects describing the permission to be created.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws EntityExistsException if the permission already exists.
      */
     public static void addPermission(Permission permission)
             throws DataBackendException, EntityExistsException
     {
         getService().addPermission(permission);
     }
 
     /***
      * Removes a Group from the system.
      *
      * @param group the object describing group to be removed.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the group does not exist.
      */
     public static void removeGroup(Group group)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().removeGroup(group);
     }
 
     /***
      * Removes a Role from the system.
      *
      * @param role The object describing the role to be removed.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the role does not exist.
      */
     public static void removeRole(Role role)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().removeRole(role);
     }
 
     /***
      * Removes a Permission from the system.
      *
      * @param permission The object describing the permission to be removed.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the permission does not exist.
      */
     public static void removePermission(Permission permission)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().removePermission(permission);
     }
 
     /***
      * Renames an existing Group.
      *
      * @param group The object describing the group to be renamed.
      * @param name the new name for the group.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the group does not exist.
      */
     public static void renameGroup(Group group, String name)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().renameGroup(group, name);
     }
 
     /***
      * Renames an existing Role.
      *
      * @param role The object describing the role to be renamed.
      * @param name the new name for the role.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the role does not exist.
      */
     public static void renameRole(Role role, String name)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().renameRole(role, name);
     }
 
     /***
      * Renames an existing Permission.
      *
      * @param permission The object describing the permission to be renamed.
      * @param name the new name for the permission.
      * @throws DataBackendException if there was an error accessing the data
      *         backend.
      * @throws UnknownEntityException if the permission does not exist.
      */
     public static void renamePermission(Permission permission, String name)
             throws DataBackendException, UnknownEntityException
     {
         getService().renamePermission(permission, name);
     }
 }