package org.apache.turbine.services;
   
   /*
    * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
    * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
    * distributed with this work for additional information
    * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
    * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
    * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
   * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
   *
   *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
   *
   * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,
   * software distributed under the License is distributed on an
   * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
   * KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for the
   * specific language governing permissions and limitations
   * under the License.
   */
  
  
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Iterator;
  import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.Set;
  import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
  import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
  
  import org.apache.commons.configuration2.Configuration;
  import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
  import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
  
  /**
   * A generic implementation of a <code>ServiceBroker</code> which
   * provides:
   *
   * <ul>
   * <li>Maintaining service name to class name mapping, allowing
   * pluggable service implementations.</li>
   * <li>Providing <code>Services</code> with a configuration based on
   * system wide configuration mechanism.</li>
   * <li>Integration of TurbineServiceProviders for looking up
   * non-local services</li>
   * </ul>
   *
   * @author <a href="mailto:burton@apache.org">Kevin Burton</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:krzewski@e-point.pl">Rafal Krzewski</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:dlr@finemaltcoding.com">Daniel Rall</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:jvanzyl@apache.org">Jason van Zyl</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:mpoeschl@marmot.at">Martin Poeschl</a>
   * @author <a href="mailto:hps@intermeta.de">Henning P. Schmiedehausen</a>
   * @version $Id$
   */
  public abstract class BaseServiceBroker implements ServiceBroker
  {
      /**
       * Mapping of Service names to class names, keep order.
       */
      private final Map<String, Class<?>> mapping = new LinkedHashMap<>();
  
      /**
       * A repository of Service instances.
       */
      private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Service> services = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
  
      /**
       * Lock access during service initialization
       */
      private final ReentrantLock serviceLock = new ReentrantLock();
  
      /**
       * Configuration for the services broker.
       * The configuration should be set by the application
       * in which the services framework is running.
       */
      private Configuration configuration;
  
      /**
       * A prefix for <code>Service</code> properties in
       * TurbineResource.properties.
       */
      public static final String SERVICE_PREFIX = "services.";
  
      /**
       * A <code>Service</code> property determining its implementing
       * class name .
       */
      public static final String CLASSNAME_SUFFIX = ".classname";
  
      /**
       * These are objects that the parent application
       * can provide so that application specific
       * services have a mechanism to retrieve specialized
       * information. For example, in Turbine there are services
       * that require the RunData object: these services can
      * retrieve the RunData object that Turbine has placed
      * in the service manager. This alleviates us of
      * the requirement of having init(Object) all
      * together.
      */
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> serviceObjects = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
     /** Logging */
     private static final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(BaseServiceBroker.class);
 
     /**
      * Application root path as set by the
      * parent application.
      */
     private String applicationRoot;
 
     /**
      * mapping from service names to instances of TurbineServiceProviders
      */
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Service> serviceProviderInstanceMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
 
     /**
      * Default constructor, protected as to only be usable by subclasses.
      *
      * This constructor does nothing.
      */
     protected BaseServiceBroker()
     {
         // nothing to do
     }
 
     /**
      * Set the configuration object for the services broker.
      * This is the configuration that contains information
      * about all services in the care of this service
      * manager.
      *
      * @param configuration Broker configuration.
      */
     public void setConfiguration(Configuration configuration)
     {
         this.configuration = configuration;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the configuration for this service manager.
      *
      * @return Broker configuration.
      */
     public Configuration getConfiguration()
     {
         return configuration;
     }
 
     /**
      * Initialize this service manager.
      * @throws InitializationException if the initialization fails
      */
     public void init() throws InitializationException
     {
         // Check:
         //
         // 1. The configuration has been set.
         // 2. Make sure the application root has been set.
 
         // FIXME: Make some service framework exceptions to throw in
         // the event these requirements aren't satisfied.
 
         // Create the mapping between service names
         // and their classes.
         initMapping();
 
         // Start services that have their 'earlyInit'
         // property set to 'true'.
         initServices(false);
     }
 
     /**
      * Set an application specific service object
      * that can be used by application specific
      * services.
      *
      * @param name name of service object
      * @param value value of service object
      */
     public void setServiceObject(String name, Object value)
     {
         serviceObjects.put(name, value);
     }
 
     /**
      * Get an application specific service object.
      *
      * @param name the name of the service object
      * @return Object application specific service object
      */
     public Object getServiceObject(String name)
     {
         return serviceObjects.get(name);
     }
 
     /**
      * Check recursively if the given checkIfc interface is among the implemented
      * interfaces
      *
      * @param checkIfc interface to check for
      * @param interfaces interfaces to scan
      * @return true if the interface is implemented
      */
     private boolean checkForInterface(Class<?> checkIfc, Class<?>[] interfaces)
     {
         for (Class<?> ifc : interfaces)
         {
             if (ifc == checkIfc)
             {
                 return true;
             }
 
             Class<?>[] subInterfaces = ifc.getInterfaces();
             if (checkForInterface(checkIfc, subInterfaces))
             {
                 return true;
             }
         }
 
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Creates a mapping between Service names and class names.
      *
      * The mapping is built according to settings present in
      * TurbineResources.properties.  The entries should have the
      * following form:
      *
      * <pre>
      * services.MyService.classname=com.mycompany.MyServiceImpl
      * services.MyOtherService.classname=com.mycompany.MyOtherServiceImpl
      * </pre>
      *
      * <br>
      *
      * Generic ServiceBroker provides no Services.
      * @throws InitializationException if a service class could not be found
      */
     protected void initMapping() throws InitializationException
     {
         // we need to temporarily store the earlyInit flags to avoid
         // ConcurrentModificationExceptions
         Map<String, String> earlyInitFlags = new LinkedHashMap<>();
 
         /*
          * These keys returned in an order that corresponds
          * to the order the services are listed in
          * the TR.props.
          */
         for (Iterator<String> keys = configuration.getKeys(); keys.hasNext();)
         {
             String key = keys.next();
             String[] keyParts = StringUtils.split(key, ".");
 
             if (keyParts.length == 3
                     && (keyParts[0] + ".").equals(SERVICE_PREFIX)
                     && ("." + keyParts[2]).equals(CLASSNAME_SUFFIX))
             {
                 String serviceKey = keyParts[1];
                 log.info("Added Mapping for Service: {}", serviceKey);
 
                 if (!mapping.containsKey(serviceKey))
                 {
                     String className = configuration.getString(key);
                     try
                     {
                         Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(className);
                         mapping.put(serviceKey, clazz);
 
                         // detect TurbineServiceProviders
                         if (checkForInterface(TurbineServiceProvider.class, clazz.getInterfaces()))
                         {
                             log.info("Found a TurbineServiceProvider: {} - initializing it early", serviceKey);
                             earlyInitFlags.put(SERVICE_PREFIX + serviceKey + ".earlyInit", "true");
                         }
                     }
                     // those two errors must be passed to the VM
                     catch (ThreadDeath t)
                     {
                         throw t;
                     }
                     catch (OutOfMemoryError t)
                     {
                         throw t;
                     }
                     catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoClassDefFoundError e)
                     {
                         throw new InitializationException("Class " + className +
                             " is unavailable. Check your jars and classes.", e);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
 
         for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : earlyInitFlags.entrySet())
         {
             configuration.setProperty(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines whether a service is registered in the configured
      * <code>TurbineResources.properties</code>.
      *
      * @param serviceName The name of the service whose existence to check.
      * @return Registration predicate for the desired services.
      */
     @Override
     public boolean isRegistered(String serviceName)
     {
         return (services.get(serviceName) != null);
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an Iterator over all known service names.
      *
      * @return An Iterator of service names.
      */
     public Iterator<String> getServiceNames()
     {
         return mapping.keySet().iterator();
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an Iterator over all known service names beginning with
      * the provided prefix.
      *
      * @param prefix The prefix against which to test.
      * @return An Iterator of service names which match the prefix.
      */
     public Iterator<String> getServiceNames(String prefix)
     {
         Set<String> keys = new LinkedHashSet<>(mapping.keySet());
 
         keys.removeIf(key -> !key.startsWith(prefix));
 
         return keys.iterator();
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs early initialization of specified service.
      *
      * @param name The name of the service (generally the
      * <code>SERVICE_NAME</code> constant of the service's interface
      * definition).
      * @throws InitializationException Initialization of this
      * service was not successful.
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized void initService(String name)
             throws InitializationException
     {
         // Calling getServiceInstance(name) assures that the Service
         // implementation has its name and broker reference set before
         // initialization.
         Service instance = getServiceInstance(name);
 
         if (!instance.getInit())
         {
             // this call might result in an indirect recursion
             instance.init();
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs early initialization of all services.  Failed early
      * initialization of a Service may be non-fatal to the system,
      * thus any exceptions are logged and the initialization process
      * continues.
      */
     public void initServices()
     {
         try
         {
             initServices(false);
         }
         catch (InstantiationException | InitializationException notThrown)
         {
             log.debug("Caught non fatal exception", notThrown);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Performs early initialization of all services. You can decide
      * to handle failed initializations if you wish, but then
      * after one service fails, the other will not have the chance
      * to initialize.
      *
      * @param report <code>true</code> if you want exceptions thrown.
      * @throws InstantiationException if the service could not be instantiated
      * @throws InitializationException if the service could not be initialized
      */
     public void initServices(boolean report)
             throws InstantiationException, InitializationException
     {
         if (report)
         {
             // Throw exceptions
             for (Iterator<String> names = getServiceNames(); names.hasNext();)
             {
                 doInitService(names.next());
             }
         }
         else
         {
             // Eat exceptions
             for (Iterator<String> names = getServiceNames(); names.hasNext();)
             {
                 try
                 {
                     doInitService(names.next());
                 }
                         // In case of an exception, file an error message; the
                         // system may be still functional, though.
                 catch (InstantiationException | InitializationException e)
                 {
                     log.error(e);
                 }
             }
         }
         log.info("Finished initializing all services!");
     }
 
     /**
      * Internal utility method for use in {@link #initServices(boolean)}
      * to prevent duplication of code.
      */
     private void doInitService(String name)
             throws InstantiationException, InitializationException
     {
         // Only start up services that have their earlyInit flag set.
         if (getConfiguration(name).getBoolean("earlyInit", false))
         {
             log.info("Start Initializing service (early): {}", name);
             initService(name);
             log.info("Finish Initializing service (early): {}", name);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Shuts down a <code>Service</code>, releasing resources
      * allocated by an <code>Service</code>, and returns it to its
      * initial (uninitialized) state.
      *
      * @param name The name of the <code>Service</code> to be
      * uninitialized.
      */
     @Override
     public synchronized void shutdownService(String name)
     {
         try
         {
             Service service = getServiceInstance(name);
             if (service != null && service.getInit())
             {
                 service.shutdown();
 
                 if (service.getInit() && service instanceof BaseService)
                 {
                     // BaseService::shutdown() does this by default,
                     // but could've been overriden poorly.
                     ((BaseService) service).setInit(false);
                 }
             }
         }
         catch (InstantiationException e)
         {
             // Assuming harmless -- log the error and continue.
             log.error("Shutdown of a nonexistent Service '"
                     + name + "' was requested", e);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Shuts down all Turbine services, releasing allocated resources and
      * returning them to their initial (uninitialized) state.
      */
     @Override
     public void shutdownServices()
     {
         log.info("Shutting down all services!");
 
         String serviceName = null;
 
         /*
          * Now we want to reverse the order of
          * this list. This functionality should be added to
          * the ExtendedProperties in the commons but
          * this will fix the problem for now.
          */
 
         ArrayList<String> reverseServicesList = new ArrayList<>();
 
         for (Iterator<String> serviceNames = getServiceNames(); serviceNames.hasNext();)
         {
             serviceName = serviceNames.next();
             reverseServicesList.add(0, serviceName);
         }
 
         for (String s : reverseServicesList)
         {
             serviceName = s;
             log.info("Shutting down service: {}", serviceName);
             shutdownService(serviceName);
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns an instance of requested Service.
      *
      * @param name The name of the Service requested.
      * @return An instance of requested Service.
      * @throws InstantiationException if the service is unknown or
      * can't be initialized.
      */
     @Override
     public Object getService(String name) throws InstantiationException
     {
         Service service;
 
         if (this.isLocalService(name))
         {
 	        try
 	        {
 	            service = getServiceInstance(name);
 	            if (!service.getInit())
 	            {
 	                synchronized (service.getClass())
 	                {
 	                    if (!service.getInit())
 	                    {
 	                        log.info("Start Initializing service (late): {}", name);
 	                        service.init();
 	                        log.info("Finish Initializing service (late): {}", name);
 	                    }
 	                }
 	            }
 	            if (!service.getInit())
 	            {
 	                // this exception will be caught & rethrown by this very method.
 	                // getInit() returning false indicates some initialization issue,
 	                // which in turn prevents the InitableBroker from passing a
 	                // reference to a working instance of the initable to the client.
 	                throw new InitializationException(
 	                        "init() failed to initialize service " + name);
 	            }
 	            return service;
 	        }
 	        catch (InitializationException e)
 	        {
 	            throw new InstantiationException("Service " + name +
 	                    " failed to initialize", e);
 	        }
         }
         else if (this.isNonLocalService(name))
         {
             return this.getNonLocalService(name);
         }
         else
         {
             throw new InstantiationException(
                 "ServiceBroker: unknown service " + name
                 + " requested");
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Retrieves an instance of a Service without triggering late
      * initialization.
      *
      * Early initialization of a Service can require access to Service
      * properties.  The Service must have its name and serviceBroker
      * set by then.  Therefore, before calling
      * Initable.initClass(Object), the class must be instantiated with
      * InitableBroker.getInitableInstance(), and
      * Service.setServiceBroker() and Service.setName() must be
      * called.  This calls for two - level accessing the Services
      * instances.
      *
      * @param name The name of the service requested.
      *
      * @return the Service instance
      *
      * @throws InstantiationException The service is unknown or
      * can't be initialized.
      */
     protected Service getServiceInstance(String name)
             throws InstantiationException
     {
         Service service = services.get(name);
 
         if (service == null)
         {
             serviceLock.lock();
 
             try
             {
                 // Double check
                 service = services.get(name);
 
                 if (service == null)
                 {
                     if (!this.isLocalService(name))
                     {
                         throw new InstantiationException(
                                 "ServiceBroker: unknown service " + name
                                 + " requested");
                     }
 
                     try
                     {
                         Class<?> clazz = mapping.get(name);
 
                         try
                         {
                             service = (Service) clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
 
                             // check if the newly created service is also a
                             // service provider - if so then remember it
                             if (service instanceof TurbineServiceProvider)
                             {
                                 Service _service = this.serviceProviderInstanceMap.putIfAbsent(name,service);
                                 if (_service != null)
                                 {
                                     service = _service;
                                 }
                             }
                         }
                         // those two errors must be passed to the VM
                         catch (ClassCastException e)
                         {
                             throw new InstantiationException("Class " + clazz +
                                     " doesn't implement the Service interface", e);
                         }
                         catch (ThreadDeath | OutOfMemoryError t)
                         {
                             throw t;
                         }
                         catch (Throwable t)
                         {
                             throw new InstantiationException("Failed to instantiate " + clazz, t);
                         }
                     }
                     catch (InstantiationException e)
                     {
                         throw new InstantiationException(
                                 "Failed to instantiate service " + name, e);
                     }
                     service.setServiceBroker(this);
                     service.setName(name);
                     Service _service = services.putIfAbsent(name, service);
                     if (_service != null) // Unlikely
                     {
                         service = _service;
                     }
                 }
             }
             finally
             {
                 serviceLock.unlock();
             }
         }
 
         return service;
     }
 
     /**
      * Returns the configuration for the specified service.
      *
      * @param name The name of the service.
      * @return Configuration of requested Service.
      */
     @Override
     public Configuration getConfiguration(String name)
     {
         return configuration.subset(SERVICE_PREFIX + name);
     }
 
     /**
      * Set the application root.
      *
      * @param applicationRoot application root
      */
     public void setApplicationRoot(String applicationRoot)
     {
         this.applicationRoot = applicationRoot;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get the application root as set by
      * the parent application.
      *
      * @return String application root
      */
     @Override
     public String getApplicationRoot()
     {
         return applicationRoot;
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the requested service is managed by this
      * ServiceBroker.
      *
      * @param name The name of the Service requested.
      * @return true if the service is managed by the this ServiceBroker
      */
     protected boolean isLocalService(String name)
     {
         return this.mapping.containsKey(name);
     }
 
     /**
      * Determines if the requested service is managed by an initialized
      * TurbineServiceProvider. We use the service names to lookup
      * the TurbineServiceProvider to ensure that we get a fully
      * initialized service.
      *
      * @param name The name of the Service requested.
      * @return true if the service is managed by a TurbineServiceProvider
      */
     protected boolean isNonLocalService(String name)
     {
         TurbineServiceProvider turbineServiceProvider = null;
 
         for (Map.Entry<String, Service> entry : this.serviceProviderInstanceMap.entrySet())
         {
             turbineServiceProvider = (TurbineServiceProvider) this.getService(entry.getKey());
 
             if (turbineServiceProvider.exists(name))
             {
                 return true;
             }
         }
 
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a non-local service managed by a TurbineServiceProvider.
      *
      * @param name The name of the Service requested.
      * @return the requested service
      * @throws InstantiationException the service couldn't be instantiated
      */
     protected Object getNonLocalService(String name)
     	throws InstantiationException
     {
         TurbineServiceProvider turbineServiceProvider = null;
 
         for (Map.Entry<String, Service> entry : this.serviceProviderInstanceMap.entrySet())
         {
             turbineServiceProvider = (TurbineServiceProvider) this.getService(entry.getKey());
 
             if (turbineServiceProvider.exists(name))
             {
                 return turbineServiceProvider.get(name);
             }
         }
 
         throw new InstantiationException(
             "ServiceBroker: unknown non-local service " + name
             + " requested");
     }
 }